The Future of Airports and New Larger Aircraft (NLA) Essay -- Aviation

The first airplanes carried only one individual. Today an average commercial airplane will carry approximately four-hundred to five-hundred people. However, recently new larger aircraft (NLA) have been designed to carry anywhere from five-hundred to eight-hundred persons. The need for NLA’s has been recognized as demand for air travel continues to increase. Furthermore, by deploying larger aircraft the problem of capacity will be addressed: more people on a plane will translate to a lower number of planes on the runway and while still accommodating the same number of passengers. The effects of these NLA’s are far-reaching and potentially detrimental to airport management. By utilizing appropriate airport planning, managers can overcome the pitfalls related to new larger aircraft. The first consideration which must be addressed is the runway. Is the length of the runway capable of supporting the NLA’s? What about the weight of the NLA’s, how will they effect maintenance? Do airports need to be redesigned to accommodate NLA’s? Thankfully, many of these types of questions have been answered. Although the maximum takeoff weight of the A380 will be over 1.2 million pounds, new and better wing and higher performance engines will allow the aircraft to operate from the same runway lengths as existing B747-400s†¦ However, accommodating the aircraft’s wingspan of close to 262 feet may require significant modifications to airfields at airports intending to serve the new large aircraft. Burns & McDonnell 2001 Of course, heavier aircraft will adversely affect a runway’s integrity. Maintenance cycles will need to be amplified in order to remain operable. The key will be acting before the runway becomes unusable. The next iss... ...ess, trouble-free adaptation† (Young and Well, pg. 473, 2011). This holistic approach aided the transition, yet the future will present new problems as demand will likely increase and NLA’s will be used more widely. Learning from those who have successfully accommodated NLA’s can help airport managers who have yet to engage the giants of the air. Works Cited Burns & McDonnell, (2001). What’s you NLA? How will new large aircraft affect your airport facility? Retrieved on March 27, 2012. http://www.burnsmcd.com/Resource_/Issue/283/PdfFile/aviationreport2.pdf Gomes de Barros, A., Wirasinghe, S., (1997). New aircraft characteristics related to airport planning. Retrieved on March 27, 2012. my.fit.edu/~dkirk/3241/Lectures/Atrgpap.pdf Young, S., and Wells, A., (2011). Airport planning and management. 6th Edition. New York, New York. McGraw-Hill Professional.

Dominican vs Haiti

Haiti vs. the Dominican Republic Comparing Two Sister Countries They say the grass is always greener on the other side, for Haiti this saying seems to be true. Haiti and the Dominican Republic share the island of Hispaniola, but are completely different in many ways. Haiti is the poorest countries in the western hemisphere and almost all of its people live in poverty, while the Dominican Republic is one of the wealthier countries.In 1960, both countries had the same per capita real GDP but in the last 50 years, the Dominican Republic has more than tripled its growth compared to Haiti. While these two countries are similar in geography and historical institutions, the growth between the two is drastically different. Throughout this paper, I will compare both countries economic growth and why two countries with the same geographic area are so different. Up until the 1960’s, the Dominican Republic and Haiti had very similar economic stance and were relatively growing at the same pace.But suddenly, over the next decade, the Dominican Republic rapidly increased, while Haiti barely grew at all. One reason, according to Jared Diamond’s book â€Å"Collapse†, is that because Haiti resides on the western side of the island and has a lower rainfall percentage resulting in deforestation and loss of soil fertility, which effects the agricultural industry and hinders their growth. Another factor is that Haiti has less than half the space that the Dominican Republic does, but in the 1960’s Haiti had a larger population.Throughout the 1960’s, it seemed as Haiti was beating the Dominican Republic in population, but if you look at graph 1, you can see that as soon as the 1970’s came about Haiti’s population growth slow down compared to the Dominican Republic. Because Haiti occupies a smaller portion of the island compared to the Dominican Republic, it has a higher population density in a smaller area, which also contributes to the poor soil fertility and deforestation, effecting Haiti’s agricultural industry.While Haiti’s agricultural industry was decreasing, the manufacturing industry increased because Haiti provided low-cost labor. This was a huge role in Haiti’s economy during the 1970’s, as well as other services such as tourism. But tourism soon decreased due to political turmoil during the 1980’s, and the media had identified Haiti has the place where the immune deficiency disease, commonly known as AIDS, had originated from. This caused Haiti to experience a rapid decrease in its economy, as you can see in the per capita real GDP in graph 2.You can identify the growth through the 1970’s, and then during the 1980’s you notice that it starts to decrease. This was just the beginning of Haiti’s downfall. On the other side of Hispaniola, the Dominican Republic was growing at a much faster pace. The Dominican Republic has the largest economy in the Car ibbean and second largest of population and land mass. It has a very stable manufacturing and construction industry. They also have mining, which exports many major minerals, like gold and silver.Tourism has also increased over the years, which has been the leading factory in the country’s service industry. The Dominican Republic’s government fully supported the growth of the tourism industry, but when the country’s water supply became poor and there was a shortage of many supplies and materials they needed, the tourism industry decreased. While researching these two countries policies and economy standings, I came across information about both countries relationships to the United States.The United States and Dominican Republic have a very good relationship, and the US has strong interests in the Dominican Republics’ strong economy and stable democratic development. The two countries have a strong export and trading relationship, and work together on man y foreign affairs, such as trafficking illegal substances and immigration policies. This strong political and economical relationship, I believe, has greatly helped the rapid growth that the Dominican Republic has experience over the last half century.

The Appendicular Skeleton

The clavicle is a long bone, but it has no medullary cavity. The clavicle supports the scapula and arms, it protects deeper structures (blood vessels, for example) in the upper chest, and it transmits impact from the arms to the axial skeleton. The scapula is attached to the thorax and vertebral column by muscles. The pectoral girdles attach the upper extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton and provide attachment sites for many muscles that move the upper limbs. The 2 pectoral girdles and the associated muscles form your shoulders.The pectoral girdles are very flexible and allow the upper limbs a great deal of flexibility. They permit movement in many directions at the shoulder joint. The socket of the shoulder joint is small, shallow, and poorly reinforced with ligaments. This arrangement is good for flexibility, but it is not very stable. Shoulder dislocations are therefore fairly common. The UPPER LIMBS (extremities) (FIGS. 8. 4-8. 8) consist of 60 bones; 30 bones per limb. Thes e are the bones of the arms, wrists, and hands.They include the HUMERUS, ULNA, RADIUS, CARPALS, METACARPALS, and PHALANGES. The PELVIC GIRDLE (hip girdle) (FIGS. 8. 9-8. 11 & TABLE 8. 1) attaches the lower extremities (limbs) to the axial skeleton, and it supports and protects the visceral organs of the pelvic cavity. The pelvic girdle is a strong and stable support for the lower limbs. While the shoulder girdle moves somewhat freely and allows the arms a great deal of mobility, the pelvic girdle is secured to the axial skeleton by some of the strongest ligaments of the body.Its sockets, which articulate with the thigh bones, are deep and cup-like and are heavily reinforced with ligaments. Even though both the shoulder and hip joints are ball-and-socket joints, the thigh cannot move in its socket with the same degree of freedom as the arm can in the shoulder joint. Flexibility in the hip joint is sacrificed for stability. The pelvic girdle consists of the 2 HIPBONES (coxal bones). E ach hipbone of a newborn baby consists of 3 bones: the superior  ILIUM, the inferior and anterior PUBIS, and the inferior and posterior ISCHIUM. Eventually these fuse into one COMPOSITE bone.The area where they all fuse is called the ACETABULUM, which serves as the socket for the femur. The PUBIS of the hipbones meet anteriorly at the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS. The hipbones articulate posteriorly with the sacrum at the SACROILIAC JOINT. The 2 hipbones, with the sacrum and coccyx, form the basin-like structure called the PELVIS. The LOWER LIMBS (extremities) consists of 60 bones (FIG. 8. 12-8. 17); 30 bones per limb. These include the FEMUR (thighbone), PATELLA (kneecap), FIBULA & TIBIA (lower leg), TARSALS (anklebones and heel bones), METATARSALS (feet), and PHALANGES (toes).

Change of NOKIA

Organizational change management is to manage the impact of the work of the new business processes, changes in organizational structure or changes in the companys culture. In short, it is to handle the people side of the change management. (Margaret Rouse,2009) Organizational change is a structured approach of an organization to make sure that the changes seamless and successfully implemented to reach a prolonged benefits. With the business environment dramatically changed so much, the set organization must learn to be at ease with changes as well. Hence this capacity to managing and adapting to changes in the organization is significant capabilities needed in todays workplace. Examples of such changes is the mission; a) Strategic change b) Operational changes (including changes in structure) c) Technological change c) Changing attitudes and behaviors member d) Personality Changes Wide Such as changes in the above, one of the organizations that do the above changes are Nokia Corporation. When Eloc entering Nokia in 2010, he has made changes in the Nokia.strategic. In June 30, 2012 the Nokia Leadership Team was changes. 1.2 Introduction of Nokia Corporation Nokia Corporation is the largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer in the world and is the largest company in Finland. The center is located on Airport officials Espoo, Finland, and the Companies is best known through his mobile phone products. The company known for producing mobile phones to protocol and all major marketplace . In 1967, Nokia Corporation formed after the merger of three companies, namely Finland Works Co., Ltd., the forest industry by mining engineer Fredrik Idestam and Finnish Cable Works. Nokia is well known in the mobile  communications industry, enabling business travel industry through different from the normal. Name of Nokia still known by entire world however now Nokia is going through a tough time as they have to compete with many rivals suddenly appear and offer customers a smartphone that certainly interesting. Nokia also need to faced with their external and internal factors of crisis. To handle problems and crisis that happens, Nokia has done a lot of changes in management 2.1a)The changes implemented 2.1.1 Five businesses. Business in rubber, electronics, power, cable and forestry is was five of business in 1967 when the owner of each business unite with each other. Unity between the five business has formed Nokia Corporation. During the entire the 1990s, the latex, cable and consumer electronics parts progressively sold as Nokia continue discharging from all non-telecommunications businesses. In 1992, Nokias CEO has made a big difference when no longer produce products that have been done instead decided to just make the telecommunications business. when nokia focuses on investing early in telecommunications and GSM technology in 1998, it automatically lead to the company becoming company mobile phone manufacturer in the world. 2.1.2 New boss new strategy Time passes too fast and the technology is changing. when technological change, competitors such as apple, samsung appear and offer products based smartphones, Nokia realized that the mobile phone market has fallen sharply. Customers prefer to buy a smart phone than a mobile phone. in 2010 Elop joined Nokia and started a new strategic review for nokia corporation. When first joining Nokia, he realized there were some in the culture of the corporation. Elop joined Nokia in 2010 and began a strategic review. When he join Nokia there is some culture he can see in that corporate culture. Some of the culture; A domestic Finnish cultural, protected outside Managers who work only for their career No effort for future development Do not focus on the change in the product from competitors The new boss needs to make a change and difference for Nokia corporation. In 2011, he has been a partner of Microsoft. He also left Nokias Symbian operating. The partnership is his new strategy. (Tom White , 2011) 2.1.3 New strategy nokia strategy is for the manufacture of mobile phones that can be felt by everyone. Nokia has prepared a new plan that is able to execute strategic. 1. Strengthen investment in Lumia smartphone products that cause the products more attractive and available for users. 2. invest in services, by location of it for the differentiation for Nokia products and extend their platform by location for new industry 3. Further enhance competitiveness and business functions phone Nokia has changed the management team to achieve the new strategy and to strengthen the companys leadership with more firmer. Nokia have tried to increase the operating of model by redusing the Equipment service expenditure, reduse the workers number in the company in order to achieve that plan. Nokia wish to return to sustainable non-operating profit in Tool Service IFRS as early as possible. a)Targeted investment Nokia has provided a plan for the smart device to extend the range of Lumia and prices continue to be able to distinguish between windows phone , new technology , new materials and location services . of the strategy , to strengthen the image of Nokia , one of the planned purchase has been made as of 1 billion devices imaging technology . A location platform Nokia will become a key port of Nokia. Nokia has invested able to differentiate the Lumia smartphone portfolio by bringing location based services including navigator and visual equipment Browse app.  The company also has plans to expand its mapping tech for various industries for enhance platforms and build new revenue streams Nokia has tried for raise the profitability and competitiveness for mobile phone products, to achieve this purpose Nokia has aims to increase its product serial device. nokia has also invested heavily in search engine of Nokia iainya to make nokia smartphone become so easy and great in the world. . Preliminary results of this innovation can be found in the latest Nokia Asha feature phone offering a full touch screen at a lower price. (Nokia Press Release, 2012) b) Updated cost reduction target and Operational changes Offset investment priorities, the company plans to restructure the company to make extra reducers in Devices Service. Nokia is planning to proceed various designed measures include: i. -Decrease in specific R D projects, resulting in designed the closing facilities in Ulm, Germany and Burnaby, Canada Consolidation specific manufacturing operating, resulting in designed the closing its factory in Salo, Finland. study and development venture Salo Spotlight of marketing and sales activities, include key market top priority; Streamlining IT, corporate support functions Decrease associated with non-core assets, include probably disposition. As planned changes were made, Nokia is planning to remove up to 10,000 positions gradually until the end of year 2013. Nokia is start the process of involved with representing the employees consistent to the legal requirements of a particular country. With regard to designed measures the company now aims to reduce Devices Service non-IFRS operating expenses for annual term rate of approximately EUR 3.0 billion by the end of 2013. This is an update to Nokias target for reduce Devices Service non-IFRS operating expenses by more than EUR 1.0 billion for the full year 2013 compared to full year 2010 Devices Service non-IFRS operating expenditure EUR 5.35 billion. This means that in addition to the already achieved annual run rate savings of approximately EUR 700  million at the end of the first quarter of 2012, the company targets to implement approximately EUR 1.6 billion than extra cost reductions by the end of 2013. As part of designed changes, Nokia will closely assess future assets of specific non-core. Consistent with this, Nokia announced plans to sell Vertu, a luxury mobile phone business for EQT VI, a European private equity firm. (Nokia Press Release, 2012 ) c)Renewed leadership team Nokia also announced a number of changes to its senior leadership. Nokia announced that they have been appointed effective July 1, 2012: a) Juha Putkiranta as executive vice president of Operations b) Timo Toikkanen as executive vice president of Mobile Phones c) Chris Weber as executive vice president of Sales and Marketing d) Tuula Rytila as senior vice president of Marketing and Chief Marketing Officer e) Susan Sheehan as senior vice president of Communications. f) Putkiranta, Toikkanen and Weber will join the Nokia Leadership Team Steps down from Nokia leadership team effective June 30, 2012 a) Jerri DeVard steps down as chief marketing officer; b) Mary McDowell steps down as executive vice president of Mobile Phones; c) and Niklas Savander steps down as executive vice president of Markets. d) DeVard, McDowell and Savander will all continue in advisory roles through the transition of their roles; however, they step down from the Nokia Leadership Team (Nokia Press Release, 2012 ) 3.1.b) the problem faced when do the changed. 3.1.1 Five businesses financial trouble During the CEO Kari Kairamo held, Nokia has expanded into new areas. Problems faced in the 1980s was in serious financial trouble. The main reason is because of the loss occurred and the television manufacturing business in too many may cause problems in management. 3.1.2 New boss new strategy sales reduce When elop be a new boss in nokia has caused many workers laid off. Mr. Elop has cut tens of thousands of jobs since joining the company in 2010, including half of the positions in the phone business. He has also been pared, cut manufacturing program of research and development and sale of assets, including patents and company headquarters. (Sven Grundberg, 2013) When Elop announced Nokias new strategy which is to work with Microsoft and leave Nokias Symbian operating, has resulted the sales completely clearly was have be decrease. when the merger between Nokia and Microsoft told, telephone sales year of 2011 is more than the second sales. sales in the second quarter fell to 25%. 3.1.3 New strategy a)Targeted investment To implement targeted investments, Nokia has continued to expand the range of difference between the price Lumia Windows Phone platform, new materials, new technologies and location-based services. This causes problems for the workers because of their need to understand new materials, new technologies and location-based services b) Operational changes and updated cost reduction target When nokia do Operational changes and updated cost reduction target the problem come out is was : 1. Reductions within certain research and development projects, resulting in the planned closure of its facilities in Ulm, Germany and Burnaby, Canada. a. By doing the reductions have resulting in the planned closure of its facilities in Ulm, Germany and Burnaby, Canada. 2. Consolidation of certain manufacturing operations, resulting in the planned closure of its manufacturing facility in Salo, Finland. Research and Development efforts in Salo to continue. a. ïÆ'  Have resulting in the planned closure of its manufacturing facility in Salo, Finland. 3. Focusing of marketing and sales activities, including prioritizing key markets a. ïÆ'  By focusing of marketing and sales activities have make the marketing department do to more plan to improve sales. 4. Streamlining of IT, corporate and support functions. a. ïÆ'  Employee in IT need to learn more about new software. 5. . a. ïÆ'  Assets of company reduce. c)Renewed leadership team Nokia have make changes to its senior leadership. The new leadership team, the changes made by Nokia would result in a change in leadership style. This certainly makes it difficult for workers to adapt to a new style of leadership. 3.1 c) The reasons changes implemented by the management. Changes in the organization is often done because : 1. More global competition 2. Declining economy 3. Faster technological change 4. Pressure to protect the environment 5. Customer expections changes( Want high quality product,low cost ,and friendly service) Conclusion Nokia has done a lot of changes in their organization because of the reasons above. 1) Because a lot of competition appear as samsung and apple. 2) Economic decline in poor management in the organization (culture of the organization) 3) Changes in smartphone technology. 4) The pressure to protect the environment need nokia to produce the right product. 5) The requirements of customers who require products quality need nokia products that satisfy the customers.

What were the cultural and social factors that created the conditions Essay

What were the cultural and social factors that created the conditions for the adoption of radio (wireless) by home users in the 1910s and 1920s - Essay Example The social changes that took place included the rise of mass entertainment in the form of radios as well consumer culture. Various social and cultural factors played a vital role in the adoption of radios by home users in the years 1910s and 1920s as the document discusses (Popular Science Monthly, 1917).   Broadcasting started acting as a crucial instrument in the political and social organization in early twentieth century. The aspect played a very crucial role in enhancing the adoption of radios by home users. At the peak of influence created by this factor, national leaders started making use of radio to address the entire nation. It was because the leaders had come to realize that radios had potential to reach large numbers of the citizens. The factor, therefore, created a necessity of the citizens to own and also adopt a radio so that they would remain updated on any update from leaders. The aspect hence caused many home users to adopt radios after recognizing how significant it was in communication (Hilmes, 2013).   The outbreak of First World War in Europe also triggered the necessity of understanding the activities that were taking place. The factor led to massive adoption of radio by domestic users. The main reason happened to be many people wanted to know the well about of their well about of their relatives in different places of the United States. Towards the final years of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century, radio broadcasting was under strict regulations from the government’s leaders. In 1910s, an Act that gave radio broadcasting freedom was enacted in the United States. One of the factors that got addressed in the Act was freedom of radio stations to be privately owned (Gernsback, 1924). The freedom gave helped the radio broadcasters to air diversified content in terms of news and entertainment. The factor created a sound condition for the adoption radio in homes. Much was available in the radios from

The Analysis of a Joke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Analysis of a Joke - Essay Example Although we think of the joke as a cultural constant, it is a form of humor that comes and goes with the rise and fall of civilizations.†1 The joke that was chosen was the following: A doctor walked into a bank. Preparing to endorse a check, he pulled a rectal thermometer out of his shirt pocket and tried to write with it. Realizing his mistake, he looked at the thermometer with annoyance and said, ‘Well thats great, just great... some asshole’s got my pen.’2 The category that this particular joke probably belongs in is the scatological category, because it deals with a reference to the rectum. It’s unsure why, but these types of jokes can be particularly compelling—because excrement seems to be something that humans find very funny. Of course, a simpler way to say that is to just say, â€Å"Poo is funny.† But why? What is so funny about our own feces? Fundamentally, excrement is elemental. If we didn’t have it, there would be no jokes. But why is humor about feces, farts, and, in fact—the entire range of human bodily functions, fodder for jokes? One must wonder. What makes this particular joke funny is that, through a play on words, we imagine the pen being stuck in some patient’s behind. That seems pretty funny that there would be a mix-up like that. Thus, there is a play on words and we find this joke, for the most part, funny—if not at least a bit crude. ... Now, it’s not using very polite language either. This is where the aggressive element demonstrates itself. It’s not a polite joke, and it probably wouldn’t be polite to share in mixed company, unless the mixed company were to be as foul-mouthed as the language used in the joke. Although the joke’s language is not overly offensive, it does say something about the medical profession as well. Doctors are sometimes inept, and it’s easy to make jokes about doctors and lawyers because they both have high-stress professions. Humor can be a wonderful way to deflect problems, as well as provide a platform for expressing one’s personality. This is why comedians like Jerry Seinfeld did especially well with his show Seinfeld, and why, subsequently, comedians like Larry David did so well with his show Curb Your Enthusiasm. Many times, these humorous shows have something in common—they use real-life situations as fodder for something called situatio nal comedy (or a sitcom). Situational comedies bring real-life problems to light. Who could ever forget the following bits: â€Å"Are you sponge-worthy?† â€Å"She’s got man hands!† Pig Man. The Soup Nazi. â€Å"You double-dipped the chip.† â€Å"Serenity now!† â€Å"Give me that, you old bag!† Who will ever forget these classic moments in Seinfeld history? These, and a series of other vignettes in his subsequent spin-off hit HBO comedy series--Curb Your Enthusiasm--were brought to you by none other than comedian, writer, actor, and executive producer Larry David. Larry David was the head writer and executive producer of Seinfeld, winning him a Primetime Emmy Award for Best Outstanding comedy series in the run of the show’s fourth year. Seinfeld made

Vitamin D Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vitamin D - Essay Example ists accomplished both identification and characterization of the O104: H4 strain in time, including the sequencing of its genome, they have not been able to explain where and how it came from. Since the manifestations of the incidence, people have put up with the fear of whether or not the infection may re-occur, a factor that has affected agricultural farming and destabilized food security (Berg 49). Moreover, various entities have overtime emphasized the fact that it would be of great significance for the origin of the infection to be identified. Similarly, concerns have been raised regarding delay in the diagnosis as well as in communicating the risk to the public. This essay aims to look into the risk analysis process, notably some of the events that came up in the course of and after the infection, as well as some of the findings and conclusions that we can employ in the future in case of re-occurrences of the strain. Hazard identification refers to the process of establishing the association that exists between the pathogenic organism as well as the human population. In an ideal world, several strains inhabit the human intestine. For an E. coli strain to initiate an epidemic infection of the nature exhibited in 2011, it must have produced some toxic materials and at the same time been resistant to antibiotic. Upon further study, it was established that the 2011 strain exhibited both the O and H antigens, hence the naming O104: H4. The intriguing factor in the course of the infection was that eight cases of the O104:H4 strain had been registered prior to the 2011 infection in Germany, France, Korea, Italy, Georgia and Finland (Berg 53). The fact that the 2011 scenario was extremely severe yet the strain had been reported some time in the past shows that indeed various entities were at fault for letting the infection be that virulent. E. coli strain O104: H4 strain infection went on for quite a while as it had enhanced adhesion, fitness and survival