High School And All Star Cheerleading Essay - 1449 Words

Not all cheerleaders are created equal, they do not perform the same or work as hard. Any All-Star cheerleader will tell you that high school cheerleading is not nearly as hard as All-Star Cheerleading, but why is that? Cheerleading is a mix of chanting, dancing, tumbling, and stunting. Each level of cheerleading has its limits and regulations. To understand why exactly All-Star girls believe they put in so much more work, one must look into the differences between their coaching, training, limits, and requirements to see who really is on the top of the pyramid when it comes to cheerleading. I have done both high school and All-Star cheerleading. I know first hand how each practice goes, and I have gone through the competitions, training, games, and practices. The first big difference between the two levels of cheerleading is the practice and training. At a high school cheerleading practice, every practice is usually the same. The practice starts out with the everyone circling up and stretching and laughing, it’s not taken very serious. After we stretch, we would usually train for twenty minutes. Training involved seeing how many push ups, sit ups, and jumping jacks we could do in a minute. Then, we would run a single lap around the football field, but most of the cheerleaders would walk. After training was over we most likely would practice cheers and chants for thirty minutes, dances for thirty minutes, and then stunt if we were lucky. We rarely stunted for the simpleShow MoreRelatedThe Sport of Cheerleading847 Words   |  3 PagesCheerleading varies in many d ifferent ways. It could mean yelling, to intense physical activity for sports, audience entertainment, or just for competition. Although it doesn’t seem like it, cheerleading started as an all-male sport. Whereas now, most males think that it is a girls sport. In 1877, Princeton University had a â€Å"Princeton Cheer†. It was yelled by the students from the stands. It was also yelled by the baseball and football athletes themselves. Thomas Peebles, Princeton graduate, movedRead MoreShould Cheerleading Be An Official Sport Or Not?921 Words   |  4 Pagesif cheerleading should be an official sport or not. Lots has changed since the first cheer at a University of Minnesota football game. Today cheerleading teams have taken it to a new level. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, a sport is defined as, an activity involving physical exertion and skill where teams compete against other team. In short version, a sport involves, physical contact, skill, and competition. There are two separate groups of cheerleading, all-star and college/ high schoolRead MoreHistory of Cheerleading1403 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Rah rah rah! Tiger, Tiger, Sis, Sis, Sis! Boom, Boom Boom! Aaaah! Princeton, Princeton, Princeton!† Just like anything else, cheerleading has quite a history behind it. From the first chants at Princeton University to one of today’s most popular National pastimes, cheerleading has come a long way the past ten decades. In ancient times spectators cheered for runners in races held during the first ever Olympic Games in ancient Greece. In the 1860s students in Great Britain began cheering at competitiveRead MoreCheerleader and American Icon by Natalie Adams and Pamela Bettis1239 Words   |  5 Pagesbook explains a lot about cheerleading and where it started and how far it’s gotten. This book will help me talk about the difference between sideline and competitive cheerleading. The book will also help me to talk about how much of a business cheerleading has started for the United States. This book has a lot of great information for me to use to talk about how athletic cheerleading really is. The book goes in detail about male and female participation in cheerleading. Thi s is going to be greatRead MoreThe Evolution Of Pep Squads852 Words   |  4 PagesPeebles in 1889 after transferring from Princeton University, where he learned several chants and cheers from a guy named Johnny Campbell. Campbell formed the first ever pep squad at a Princeton vs. Rutgers game in 1869. The all-male squad gained national attention, and other schools and universities, such as the University of Minnesota, developed their own teams. Around the 1920’s, students started adding simple stunts, tumbling, and jumps to their cheers to entertain the crowd more. They added pom pomsRead MoreWhat Does A Sport And Whether Or Not Cheerleading Should Be Considered1513 Words   |  7 Pagessport I’m sure the first thing that comes to mind is football, or basketball, or maybe baseball. But what about cheerleading? When you think of cheerleading do you just think of it as an activity that consists of chants on the sidelines with big pom-poms, or do you think of it as a s port with extreme stunting such as tumbling, mounting, and tossing? The question of whether or not cheerleading is or should be recognized as an official sport has been debated since 1997 and still makes its way to courtRead MoreCheerleading Is Not An Extracurricular Activity Essay1511 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cheerleading is not an extracurricular activity. It is a sport, a sport of academic discipline.† Crowds have been cheering since the begininning of sports, however it wasn’t until the late 1800s that organized cheering was introduced. A man named Mark Peebles brought cheerleading with him to the University of Minnesota and started to create a specific set of cheers for different times during the games. Another student however, named Johnny Campbell, decided to take cheering to a whole new levelRead MoreCheerleading Is A Sport Or Not864 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society there is a huge argument on whether cheerleading is a sport or not. Cheerleading involves skills which require the strength of football, the grace of dance, and the agility of gymnastics. Complex maneuvers are performed which challenge the limits of the body. Safety organizations such as the AACCA were formed to develop safety rules to guide programs in the safe performance of cheerleading gymnastics, which include jumps, partner stunts, pyramids and tumbling. Cheerleaders do notRead MoreI Didn t The Only Child Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand. I wasn’t the only child that participated in sports. My older sister was involved in all-star cheerleading. I would always beg my sister to come out in the yard with me to show off her skills. No matter how much it annoyed her sometimes, she always did because she knew how much I loved watching. My sister had practice I would begged my mom to let me go; I didn’t mind neglecting my practices at all seeing that I didn’t like the sports anyway. I walked in for the very first time and I becameRead MoreEssay on Cheerleading is a Sport1060 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people think of cheerleading, they think of the spirit squads that attempt to pump up the local crowd at high school basketball and football games. People are not aware of what these athletes are doing when they are not in front of these crowds. Strangers to cheerleaders who do not follow the sport extensively do not know the exact involvement of the athletes in this sport, at all ages. Cheerleading re quires athleticism like all other sports as you must be in shape and at a great fitness

Business Objectives and Stakeholders Essays - 840 Words

Business Objectives and Stakeholders  · The objectives of a firm means the goals of the business i.e. what the business wants to achieve.  · The objectives of business organisations will be shaped by the various stakeholders in the business. Those with the most influence will tend to set the objectives.  · It is important for a business to have well defined objectives. These will help the business to be clear about what it wants to achieve.  · For example, Mission Statements  · These are descriptions of the overall aims of the business and its short term and long term objectives.  · They tend to be aimed at all stakeholders and may be printed in the Annual Report and†¦show more content†¦In the long term it is unlikely that survival would remain the only objective, except perhaps for small businesses. Business owners tend to be ambitious and so pursue other objectives. Stakeholders Stakeholders are various groups of people who have an interest in the business. The interest each stakeholder has in a business will vary according to the nature of their ‘stake’. It could be argued that owners, managers, and employees are internal stakeholders as members of the business organisation. The remainder could be seen as external stakeholders because they are not part of the business. 4 different stakeholders of Fulford School are: * Pupils- * Teachers- * Governors- * Parents- It is often difficult for a firm to survive during the early stages of trading there are several factors that may apply to a new business.  · Lack of experience which can often lead to mistakes  · A lack of resources  · Competition from established firm  · Unforeseen problems such as unexpected costs  · Limited recognition by customers Profit maximisation is achieved where the difference between the total revenue earned by the business from sellngit6s produces and the total costs of the products is the greatest. It is obvious a business will aim to make as much profit asShow MoreRelatedStakeholders Influences Upon Aims And Objective Of A Business1191 Words   |  5 Pages Newspaper series title: business watch By Ferdaws Noori Date (26/09/2014) Article title: article 3: Stakeholders influences upon aims objective of a business Coca cola Coca Cola is a soft fizzy drink sold in every store throughout the world. It is produced by The Coca Cola Company of Atlanta in Georgia, and is often called as Coke. Purpose The purpose of coca cola is to design develop and advertise soft drinks the customers can enjoy, and also make profit from selling of softRead MoreExplain the Roles of Both Internal and External Stakeholders in the Selected Business and Show How Their Objectives and Expectations Have Changed over Time4254 Words   |  18 PagesExplain the roles of both internal and external stakeholders in the selected business and show how their objectives and expectations have changed over time. What is a Stakeholder? A stakeholder is someone who is interested in a company or business, e.g. Tesco; they can either be an internal or external customer to the business. They may also be affected in a situation that happens to the company because they them selves may of given and invested money into the company or may just be interestedRead MoreBusiness Functions Of A Business988 Words   |  4 PagesIdentify the business functions MWS will need in order to operate effectively. MWS needs a variety of business functions in order to operate effectively. Identifying the business functions for any organization serves as a starting point in developing its mission statement. As the business of the company is over the internet, therefore, It needs to determine that how the internet will further the information and efforts for communication of the company and with whom the information will be sharedRead MoreStakeholders Examples1531 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization. Stakeholders can affect or be affected by the organization s actions, objectives and policies. Some examples of key stakeholders are creditors, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html#ixzz2PXLmU8iH A person, group or organization that has interest or concern in an organization. Stakeholders can affectRead MoreD1 Evaluate the Influence Different Stakeholders Exert in One Organisation1461 Words   |  6 PagesI am going to evaluate the influence that stakeholders exert on Tesco. I will be evaluating the following stakeholders: customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, the government and owners. The first stakeholder I am going to evaluate is customers which are external stakeholders. Customers contribute to profit levels and turnover through buying products and services. People are stakeholders in a company for financial reasons, customers do not want to have to spend an excessive amount of moneyRead MoreIdentify the Mission, Objectives and Responsibilities of an Organisation Within Its Environment1653 Words   |  7 PagesIdentify the mission, objectives and responsibilities of an organisation within its environment The mission, values and key objectives of an organisation and assess the influence of stakeholders Mission, values and key objectives are of high significance to any organisation. An organisation will state a mission that will describe the function or role it aims to provide in the form of products or services. Although the focus is long term it puts perspective on the short term so that the long-termRead MoreUnderstanding the Organisational Purposes of Businesses Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesCourse Name: Level 4 HNC Business UNIT TITLE NO. AND TITLE: Unit 1 Business Environment Assignment No. and title: Assignment 1- Understanding the organisational purposes of businesses (DRAFT) Date Submitted 21st May 2012 Understanding the organisational purposes of business In this day and age all individuals will have some affiliation with a business organisation. Whether it be the company they work for, the retail store they purchase their groceries or the NHS dentist they attendRead MoreThe Maximisation Of Shareholder Value Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesshareholder value is a corporate objective that has become increasingly popular since the 1980’s. Many companies explicitly state that maximising shareholder value is one of their key business objectives; an example of this is Coca-Cola, who state in their Coca-Cola Company Vision (2016) that â€Å"maximising long-term return to shareholders† is one of their business goals. In this essay, I will consider the extent to which maximising shareholder value is a reasonable objective for firms, as well as provideRead Morebtec business level3 unit 1 d11348 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿D1: Evaluate the influence different stakeholders exert in one organisation. I will be evaluating the influence different stakeholders exert on Carphone Warehouse. Carphone warehouse is a successful UK mobile phone retailer. They have 1,700 stores across Europe so they are a large organisation. Manager is one of the stakeholders in Carphone warehouse. The influence the manager has on Carphone warehouse is very important. The manager in Carphone house is driven by success and will look for innovativeRead MoreConcept Of Stakeholder Management And Project Life Cycle1658 Words   |  7 Pages3.0 Introduction Literature review presented in this chapter covers areas that are relevant to the research and its objectives. By critically examining the literature, a pattern within literature is built that provides deeper insight into the topic. The focus was to understand different ways that authors have interpreted the concept of stakeholder management and try to answer some of the research questions. Review of different publications assisted the researcher to gain a better understanding of

Sylvia “A White Heron” Free Essays

Sylvia â€Å"A White Heron† In â€Å"A White Heron†, there was a young girl named Sylvia, for the first eight years of her life she had lived in a city environment. Sylvia then came to live with her grandmother in a country setting. This is where Sylvia became alive and one with nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia â€Å"A White Heron† or any similar topic only for you Order Now During her travel through the country side one morning she noticed a man who was searching for a white heron that he had seen a few weeks ago. At first Sylvia was scared of this man, he carried a gun and killed white heron’s, although he really cared for this animal. As Sylvia spent time with this man, she began to really like him. Sylvia is a lost young country girl who is torn between her love for the young man who collects birds and her love for nature and its beauty. While living in the farm house her only companion seems to be a cow. Although it may seem like Sylvia is lonely she really isn’t. She is happier in the country then she would be in a city setting. Sylvia spends all day at one with nature while at the farm. While the young man is intensively looking for the white heron, he winds up coming through her territory which makes Sylvia extremely upset. He apologizes to Sylvia and tries to explain that he got lost, but she becomes so upset that she labels him the â€Å"enemy† in the beginning. Sylvia feels threatened by him and becomes fearful. The young man tries to get Sylvia to lead him to the white heron by offering her ten dollars as a reward. Although Sylvia loves nature, and everything about it she thinks about how poor she really is and all the things that the ten dollars could buy. The money offering to Sylvia disrupted her sense of loyalty to nature. But as Sylvia spent time together with this man she found him appealing. Sylvia’s heart became excited from this man and although she was only a child her heart became filled with love towards this man that she had only came to know. Sylvia admired him so much, she had never met a man so â€Å"charming. † Sylvia knew where the young man who was a huntsman could find the white heron that he was looking for. Both of them played the gender roles they were suppose to in society, as the female Sylvia would not lead him to the nest of the heron, or start a conversation first. Sylvia would just look around and take in her surroundings as well as observe the young man and his every move. With Sylvia not talking it helps saving the bird and not giving away where the heron’s nest really is. While being out with the huntsman she became closer to him, but was not as close with nature as Sylvia usually was. Sylvia was not really able to sleep at all that night, so she went for a walk in the forest. She climbed the big oak tree looking for the heron’s nest, as Sylvia was climbing the tree branches were hard for her to climb through and gave her many scratches. As Sylvia fought through the branches and came to see light at the top of the tree she saw where the heron was nesting. Sylvia comes back to reality and the realization that she can not give up the herons nesting spot. Sylvia realizes that the young man was trying to come between her and nature. Sylvia balanced out her options of giving the young man the heron because of the money and being one with nature, and realized that she could not give the birds life away. Although Sylvia was so smitten by this man and knew giving up the heron’s location could be worth it, in the end she knew that she could not betray nature. After spending the morning with the bird, she realized that no man should or could ever be swayed by a man’s charm. Sylvia became a tough strong hearted feminist that would not give up or betray what she believed in for any one, especially a man. Sylvia devoted her life to the world of nature and knew it would always be there for her. In this short story, Sylvia is tempted to betray the world of nature by the young man or the huntsman which represents â€Å"evil. † This story shows the struggle between good and evil, the constant seduction of good by evil and how to follow your instinct and go with what you truly believe in. Sylvia in a sense is the heron, untouched and at peace with her environment. Although because of external forces, which would be the hunter, Sylvia losses her innocence. If Sylvia would of given up where the heron nested it would of been like giving up a part of her and what she stands for. In this story Sylvia and the heron need each other for survival. It was not possible for Sylvia to betray nature, because if she did she would no longer be the same person. She was able to ignore the attraction of a man, money and attention for something she felt loyalty towards. Sylvia showed how she grew as a women and stayed loyal to her values that she felt so strongly about and making her relationship to the world of nature even stronger. How to cite Sylvia â€Å"A White Heron†, Papers

Data Sources And Investigate Healthcare Data Sets Sample

Question: Discuss the healthcare data sets (such as HEDIS, UHDDS, OASIS). Answer: Healthcare Datasets Healthcare dataset can be defined as a set of elements of data with consistent and identical definitions. These are a standard information set obtained from the records of care from the systems or organizations, which captures base data. They are the structured data lists bearing the permissible values, clear label and definitions, classifications and codes. From these datasets, information is compiled and derived for the improvement and monitoring of the healthcare services. HEDIS The Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) is a dataset tool used for the measurement of the performance of healthcare services and care. It consists of 81 measures and 5 care domains. Managed Care Organizations utilize the HEDIS data to compare their care and services performance to other health plans. HEDIS is essentially supplied by NCQA (National Committee for Quality Assurance). It is used by the health plans for measuring various health issues like the persistence of treatment by beta-blocker following myocardial ischemia, the medication use for asthma, hypertension control, comprehensive care for diabetes, screening for breast cancer, medication management for antidepressant, the status of immunizations and quit smoking advice (Webber, 2012). HEDIS can be applied to various healthcare settings. These can be the acute settings, ambulatory care settings and clinical care settings like inpatient and outpatient (Harris et al., 2015). There are several secondary sources of HEDIS. These can be classified as several government and organizational bodies. NCQA collects the HEDIS data and it is collected from the Healthcare Organization Questionnaire (HOQ). HOQ collects the data from the preferred provider organizations and health plan organizations. The non-survey data is collected from the Interactive Data Submission System (IDSS). The data collected are kept under strict confidentiality in a central database for maintenance (Pugh et al., 2013). The Medicare data for HEDIS is collected by NCQA for the CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services) and state agencies. Commercial data are collected by NCQA for the US Personnel Management offices and some of the states of the United States of America (Martino et al., 2013). The reporting of the data by the health plans, regulators and purchasers supply the HEDIS data. The data reporting process involves the auditing by NCQA or by an approved auditing firm. The various data like claims data, provider data, membership data, etc. are reviewed after collection. The obtained data are calculated as per the determination standards of NCQA. The frequency of reporting is annual. Every year the HEDIS providers need to report the data to the NCQA (Dixon et al., 2014). The collection of the HEDIS data is done through the insurance claims, medical charts and surveys. The insurance claims are for the procedures, visits to the medical office and hospitalizations. The survey is usually conducted by a survey organization approved by NCQA. Clinical measures include the hybrid or administrative data collection. Administrative data includes the electronic records for the insurance claims and various services. The hybrid method of data collection is lengthy, expensive and requires medical professionals (Westover et al., 2014). HEDIS can be used to measure the activity of -blockers in the case of myocardial infarction and, therefore, quality intervention can be implemented. HEDIS can also be used as a comparative scale for the measurement of the population who did and did not receive dental care. HEDIS is also important for the measurement of the childhood immunization. HEDIS is also used for the survey of the experiences of the consumers in the areas of access to care, claims processing and customer service (Szabo et al., 2015). HEDIS data are important for the researchers who are working for the improvement of the healthcare system and are dedicated to improving the measures of HEDIS. The commercial data of HEDIS are employed for the calculation of the national performance benchmarks and statistics. They are also used for setting the standards of measures, which are included in the accreditation program of NCQA. In addition, these data have been incorporated in the quality compass, which are in turn used by the purchasers, health plans, consultants and media for the analysis of the comparative health plans. The advantages of HEDIS have been listed below. HEDIS involves a rigorous selection process. This includes the assessment of scientific feasibility, importance and field-testing of the measure. The data of HEDIS is important for the assessment of the setting goals and the current performance. HEDIS is also associated with better outcomes of health and practices that are cost effective. The measures of HEDIS are accepted and widely known as more than 90% of the health plans in the US utilizes them. The disadvantages of HEDIS have been listed below. HEDIS measures have been found to overlook some of the important aspects of the quality of healthcare. Improvement of the HEDIS measures by the providers of healthcare has been found to cause potential harm to the patients. The HEDIS development process may also be flawed. UHDDS Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set (UHDDS) is utilized for the reporting of the data of the patients in the long term, short term and acute care hospitals. It includes the items, which are based on the definitions for providing the multiple users with consistent data. The main purpose of UHDDS for the reporting by the hospitals for the elements of the inpatient data, which also included the outpatient settings (Andrews, 2015). It is also employed to define the set of definitions and rules for the collection of hospital data for the promotion of the comparability and uniformity of data. This enables the planning and evaluation of the initiatives of healthcare for improving the patient care effectiveness and the cost involved in the care (Bielby, 2014). The types of settings in which the UHDDS data can be applied are the hospitals of various settings like short term and acute, long-term and psychiatric care hospitals, agencies of home health, facilities of rehabilitation and nursing homes and other healthcare settings. All the inpatient and outpatient data from various settings are employed by the UHDDS (Werley Devine, 2013). The primary data for UHDDS is the hospitals of various hospitals like that of short-term, long-term, psychiatric, etc. In addition, the secondary data is collected from three different sources, which can be classified as the rehabilitation facilities, providers of home health care and retirement and nursing communities. The professionals working in medical coding and billing facilities with the recipients of Medicaid and Medicare adapt themselves at the UHDDS filing. Correct coding is essential as the reimbursement rate is affected by it (Faught, Aspevig Spear, 2014). The reporting procedure of UHDDS is governed by the procedure of hospital inpatient in association with the guidelines, which are payer specific. All the significant procedures should be reported by the short-term settings. The significant procedures include the surgeries that involve anesthetic risk and specialized training is required to perform that. UHDDS are reported in the form of coded data. The inpatient stay details are reported to the state and federal governments. The frequency of UHDDS reporting is annual. The reports of UHDDS are submitted every year by the hospitals and other facilities (Towers, 2013). UHDDS is usually a collection of several data items, which has to be abstracted from the medical records of the hospital. Considerable variations are found in these medical records as the data uniformity and content are minimal. However, they are used as the primary document as the data collection is proper and relevant in these records. The hospital, which sends the record, must abstract data from them repetitively to meet the demands of the users. The data abstraction should be done record form, which is central and should be made available to the users. This abstract is, however, beneficial as it improves the data accuracy, cost effective and confidentiality problems are reduced. One major objective of UHDDS is the promotion of data uniformity among the user organizations and institutions. The physician is considered not sufficient for the permission of uniformity. The definition of the item reduces eliminates and reduces the variation in the data items. The number of medical records assigned by the hospital is the only number for the identification of the discharged patients. It also helps to identify the criteria of UHDDS. The items for personal identifications can be abstracted from this number. UHDDS provides comparable data to determine the hospitals, which provide the best treatments. This helps the government to reduce the costs from the patients for whom repeated admission was not done. The reimbursement rates of different hospitals can also be compared for the medical procedures, which are similar. This helps the federal government to set up a standardized reimbursement system, which will ultimately help in standardization of the care quality. OASIS Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) is a set of data elements that signifies the core items required to be included in the assessment for the patient of home care. It creates the basis for the measurement of the patient outcomes for the objective of quality improvement, which is outcome based. It provides data for the use of the consumers on the home health compare. OASIS provides the information on the condition of the patient and proper reimbursement (Shang et al., 2015). The purpose of OASIS is the improvement of performance in home health care. The data items of OASIS were developed for the purpose of measurement of patient outcomes. OASIS is the data collection tool used by the home health agencies for the reporting and collection of performance data. The OASIS data is employed for multipurpose uses like calculation of the quality reports of various types provided to the agencies of home health for guiding the performance and quality efforts of improvement (OConnor Davitt, 2012) OASIS is applied in the various settings like community setting, post-acute care setting, home health setting, etc. It is used for measuring the quality in the various settings. The data collection for OASIS takes place from two sources. The primary source is the data submitted by the agencies of home health and the secondary source is the data submitted by the Medicare claims. The OASIS data is calculated by using the entire care episode of care that commences with the admission to the agency and ends with the transfer or discharge of the patient. The claims data calculations are done based on the first claim of home health, which commences with the care episode of the patient and ends after one or two months of the opening claim (Han et al., 2013). The reporting process of OASIS involves the collection of data from the non-Medicaid and non-medicare patients and sent to CMS. The assessment data of the patients are collected by the home health agencies and submitted to the CMS at the specified time. However, breaching of the guidelines of the reporting process will eventually result in the reduction in the reimbursement rates (Olson et al., 2014). The OASIS data are collected at the start of patient care and thereafter at a frequency of 2 months until the discharge of the patient. OASIS contains the data items, which were implemented for the sole intention of measuring the outcomes of the patients for the improvement of performance in the home health care. They address the environmental, socio-demographic, health status, support system, characteristics of utilization of health service and functional status of the patient. The OASIS assessments are gathered for the Medicaid and Medicare adult patients who are receiving the health services from the home health agencies. However, OASIS data are not collected for the patients who are reimbursed for their care by the payer other than Medicaid or Medicare. OASIS is a vital component of the partnership of the industry of home care with Medicare to monitor and fosters the betterment of the outcomes of the home healthcare. It has been designed for providing the data items required for the measurement of the risk factors and outcomes of the patient. The data items are utilized for care planning, clinical assessment and other applications of agency level. The software of CMS required by the home health agencies for the submission of OASIS is Haven. The home health agencies must transmit and encode the data items using Haven as per the federal requirements. The sent data items must conform to the standards of CMS. References Andrews, R. M. (2015). Statewide hospital discharge data: Collection, use, limitations, and improvements.Health Services Research,50(4), 1273-1299. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12343 Bielby, J. A. (2014). Reliable coded data require a reliable coding process framework.J AHIMA,85(10), 80-82. Dixon, B. E., Gibson, P. J., Frederickson, C. K., Rosenman, M. (2014). Measuring Population Health Using Electronic Health Records: Exploring Biases and Representativeness in a Community Health Information Exchange.Studies in health technology and informatics,216, 1009-1009. Faught, I. C., Aspevig, J., Spear, R. (2014). New Means of Data Collection and Accessibility. InPublic Health Informatics and Information Systems(pp. 375-398). Springer London. Han, S. J., Kim, H. K., Storfjell, J., Kim, M. J. (2013). Clinical outcomes and quality of life of home health care patients.Asian Nursing Research,7(2), 53-60. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2013.03.002 Harris, A. H., Ellerbe, L., Phelps, T. E., Finney, J. W., Bowe, T., Gupta, S., ... Trafton, J. (2015). Examining the specification validity of the HEDIS quality measures for substance use disorders.Journal of substance abuse treatment,53, 16-21. Martino, S. C., Weinick, R. M., Kanouse, D. E., Brown, J. A., Haviland, A. M., Goldstein, E.. . Elliott, M. N. (2013). Reporting CAHPS and HEDIS data by Race/Ethnicity for medicare beneficiaries.Health Services Research,48(2pt1), 417-434. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01452.x O'Connor, M., Davitt, J. K. (2012). The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS): A review of validity and reliability.Home health care services quarterly,31(4), 267-301. Olson, C. H., Dierich, M., Adam, T., Westra, B. L. (2014). Optimization of decision support tool using medication regimens to assess rehospitalization risks.Applied clinical informatics,5(3), 773-788. Pugh, M. J. V., Marcum, Z. A., Copeland, L. A., Mortensen, E. M., Zeber, J. E., Nol, P. H.. . Hanlon, J. T. (2013). The quality of quality measures: HEDIS quality measures for medication management in the elderly and outcomes associated with new exposure.Drugs Aging,30(8), 645-654. doi:10.1007/s40266-013-0086-8 Shang, J., Larson, E., Liu, J., Stone, P. (2015). Infection in home health care: Results from national Outcome and Assessment Information Set data.American journal of infection control,43(5), 454-459. Szabo, S. M., Osenenko, K. M., Qatami, L., Korenblat Donato, B. M., Korol, E. E., Al Madani, A. A., ... Levy, A. R. (2015). Quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dubai: a HEDIS-like assessment.International journal of endocrinology,2015. Towers, A. L. (2013). Clinical Documentation ImprovementA Physician Perspective.J AHIMA,84(7), 34-41. Webber, C. (2012).HEDIS Audits: Addressing Challenges, Creating Opportunities(Doctoral dissertation, THE COLLEGE OF ST. SCHOLASTICA). Werley, H. H., Devine, E. C. (2013). of Essential Nursing Data.Nursing Informatics: Where Caring and Technology Meet, 160. Westover, C., Arredondo, P. H., Chapa, G., Cole, E., Campbell, C. R. (2014). Quality of care in a Low Income Consumer Driven health plan: Assessment of healthcare effectiveness data information set (HEDIS) scores for secondary prevention.Journal for Healthcare Quality,36(3), 28-34. doi:10.1111/jhq.12001

Rapping and Moral Values free essay sample

Teenagers today lack moral values and self-discipline. Do you agree? Moral values and graciousness, in the past, were prominent In most teenagers. Majority of the youths then learnt respect, courtesy, consideration, decency, propriety, honesty and righteousness from a young age, and had enough self- discipline to hold to these values. However, these moral values and self-adolescence are slowly diminishing over the years, as most of the younger generation are gradually disregarding these ethics.The listed values have slowly faded away, as they mean title to these adolescents, as moral values and self-discipline are on the verge of disappearing. This lack of self-discipline and self-control is becoming more and more apparent over time. However, this situation is not to be taken lightly as the younger generation is the future of our nation. Even the simplest of morals like, respect, care and consideration are slowly fading away over the years. A simple display of respect Like offering the elderly a seat on the bus Is being replaced by scenarios of students competing with them for seats. We will write a custom essay sample on Rapping and Moral Values or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead of showing the principles of care and Should Moral Values Be Taught in Schools The Renaissance or rebirth of the Greece- Roman era, a period in time in which all aspects of the humanities flourished. It was also during this time period in which the majority of the humanists deemed the greatest were produced. From the Lorenz De Medici to Raphael, these greats were extremely well rounded and had great moral values.As a foundation for their success and moral values, they benefited greatly from the writings and teaching of their Greek and Roman predecessors as well as the Bible. This Is present In Repeals renaissance appalling the School of Athens. He pays homage to those who came before him by incorporating Greek philosophers such as Plato, and even some of his Renaissance colleagues like Michelangelo into the painting. Now as we come back to the time in which we live, where can we say that we learned our moral values? We as Americans have lost sight of many of our moral values.A huge debate has been raised as to whether moral values should be taught in school. Most people would argue that the teaching of moral values be aught in the home by the parents and should not be the responsibility of others. I personally feel that moral values should be taught in school. By teaching moral values in school, there will be much success gained by doing so. Also, I feel that as a way to Increase moral values, students should have to read the literary works of the Greek philosophers and Renaissance artists as well.Reading which Is very Important will definitely help us become better persons because It will open our the renaissance benefited from reading ancient roman literature and I feel that we an do the same. First of all, I feel that moral values should be taught in schools because we as Americans have lost sight of many of our moral values. For example, we have lost the family structure. We no longer gather at the.. The Effects of hip hop/rap Music on The Younger Generation Today The dynamic era of hip hop emerged in the sass through the streets of Bronx, New York City.Now twenty five years old and still counting, the world of hip hop is at a new level. Ill Wayne, Kenya West, Rick Ross, 2 Chains, and Plies are Just some of todays biggest cons in the world of hip hop. Having record hitting tracks that Jump off the charts, these rappers are definitely the image the younger generation looks up to. Though, having these amazing tracks, these same iconic figures are said to be the cause of our teenagers heading down the road of destruction. The effects of these lyrics on the teenage society are said to provoke violence, foul language, and enhanced sexual behavior.To begin, the effect of hip hop or rap music on the younger generation today has encouraged youth to become more violent and aggressive. Ever since the rise of rap music, teens have been turning to music to help solve their problems. However, this music cannot be helpful but very destructive. Encouraging raging acts of violence, these lyrics influence and damage the minds of children, teens and young adults. For instance, rapper Plies states, Dont tell me sit about what them insignias said, Them insignias Just raping, Buck insignias be bluffing, Killers make sit happen, in his track called Nana Amiga.The breakdown of these lyrics: It does not tater what another individual states about one, if a person is real one must make violent actions to prove your point in life. The effect of teens listening to music like this is shown in and out of school. More and more students are being arrested and taken to Juvenile detention centers due to fighting or bringing weapons to school. For example, my Junior year, a student brought a knife to school to threaten another student. During their verbal altercation in the courtyard, the student carrying the knife kept repeating, Amiga Im real, Ill slit you throat from ear to ear

The Story of Ray Bradbury essays

The Story of Ray Bradbury essays Seldom does a visionary come along with the foresight and imagination to take people to the future; Ray Bradbury is one of those visionaries. Ray Bradbury has had such an impact on the world that the full magnitude of his contribution may never be truly known. Generations have been inspired by his works, his dreams for a utopian society. About the only thing that critics cannot agree upon is whether Bradbury writes Science Fiction or Fantasy. The rift between the two genres is not easily bridged. A second rift exists between the two genres and what society views as true art. Societys view of literary art does not often include Science Fiction. Ray Douglas Bradbury was born in Waukegan, Illinois on August 22, 1920 to Leonard Spalding Bradbury and Ester Marie Bradbury. Bradburys twin brothers Leonard and Samuel were born in 1916; Samuel died in 1918, and Bradburys sister Elizabeth was born six years later in 1926. Bradbury attended public school in Waukegan, Tucson, and Los Angeles. He discovered science fiction in Amazing Stories, a popular magazine of its day, in 1928. Bradbury wrote his first stories on butcher paper at a young age. In 1932, Bradbury performed as an amateur magician at Oddfellows Hall and American Legion. He read comics to children on radio station KGAR (Bloom 141). In 1934 in Los Angeles, Bradbury worked as a live audience for the Burns and Allen radio show. He acted as scriptwriter, producer, and director of the Roman Review at Los Angles High School and joined the Los Angeles Science Fiction League in 1937. He graduated from high school in 1938. In 1939, he published his own fan magazine, F uturia Fantasia, attended the World Science Fiction Convention in New York, and joined actress Laraine Days drama group, the Wilshire Players Guild. His high school yearbook named him headed for literary distinction (Bloom 142). ...

Why Islamic Financial Institutions in Need for Corporate Governance Essay

Why Islamic Financial Institutions in Need for Corporate Governance Legal Framework - Essay Example Islamic finanical systems were particularly sucessful in the pre-colonial era but were methodologicaly replaced by conventional financial institutions during the colonial era. However over the last thirty or so years, Islamic financial institutions have been making a formidible comeback. Today Islamic financial systems have not only been established in Islamic states, but also internationally. Moreover, a number of conventional banks are also offering Islamic financial services evidencing the global acceptance of Islamic financial institutions. According to the World Bank, Islamic fiancial services are offered globally via 284 financial institutions in 38 countries which are Islamic and non-Islamic states. Like any financial institution, good and effective corporate governance is necessary for the effective and efficient functioning of the institution and for the protection of stakeholder interests. The stakeholder insterest are not always monetary in nature and can include ethics, values and/or religion. For Islamic financial institution, the amin interests of stakeholders is that the institution offering Islamic financial services comply with Shariah principles. Thus Shariah-compliant functioning in an Islamic financial insitution is the key component of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions. ... However over the last thirty or so years, Islamic financial institutions have been making a formidible comeback. Today Islamic financial systems have not only been established in Islamic states, but also internationally. Moreover, a number of conventional banks are also offering Islamic financial services evidencing the global acceptance of Islamic financial institutions.1 According to the World Bank, Islamic fiancial services are offered globally via 284 financial institutions in 38 countries which are Islamic and non-Islamic states.2 Like any financial institution, good and effective corporate governance is necessary for the effective and efficient functioning of the institution and for the protection of stakeholder interests. The stakeholder insterest are not always monetary in nature and can include ethics, values and/or religion. For Islamic financial institution, the amin interests of stakeholders is that the institution offering Islamic financial services comply with Shariah p rinciples. Thus Shariah-compliant functioning in an Islamic financial insitution is the key component of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions.3 The challenge for Islamic financial institutions in formulating good and effective corporate governance constructs is reconciling Shariah-compliant principles with the interests of all stakeholders.4 The stakeholder relationship in Islamic financial institutions is different from conventional financial institutions because profit and risk sharing principles change the nature of the stakeholder relationship.5 Moreover, the definition of property also changes the Islamic financial institution’s perspective on corporate

Principles, Theories, and Practice of Learning Essay

Principles, Theories, and Practice of Learning - Essay Example The essay "Principles, Theories, and Practice of Learning" talks about the process of learning which is as a result of practice, training, or experience. For behavior change to occur, the learner must be in a position to express the impact of learning when confronted with a condition that necessitates the expression of the acquired knowledge. Operant conditioning theory expresses the behavior as a function of its consequences. In essence, an action that produces positive consequences is easily repeated over a longer time. On the other hand, behaviors that yield negative consequences are shunned. Skinner demonstrated the application of the operant conditioning theory using rats in a box. In this case, demonstration, whenever the rats pressed on a small bar in the box, food would come out. This positive feedback resulted in a constant pressing of the bar by the rats hence behavior change. This theory exonerates voluntary behaviors as a manifestation of learning. The practicality of ope rant conditioning can be enhanced in a classroom environment through rewarding of exemplary performances. Awarding prizes to learners with different skills and abilities inclines them to uphold such behaviors. Award of prices boosts the morale of the learners and compels them to exploit all avenues for good performance. Cognitive learning theory assumes that everyone is conscious of his or her actions and behavior. It asserts that learning is achieved through the pre-coded relationship between the stimuli and response.

Obstacles to Foreign Carmakers with the Expansion of the Market in Essay

Obstacles to Foreign Carmakers with the Expansion of the Market in Russia - Essay Example As people over there have already started buying cars compared to what the scenario was before, I think it is a good idea to give them more ideas by inviting the best of the best car makers to sell their variants. There are few obstacles which are faced by foreign car makers in Russia. For instance, those business accomplices who needed to put resources into Russia experienced certain issues like conflicting laws and terms, the absence of law authorization, boundless debasement, unusual natures domain, and wheel and deal transactions, does not give any particular assessment or import obligation help to remote investors. As most of the spare parts are locally made, there is a highly charged tax for imported parts. Russia’s domestic carmakers are facing fierce competitions from foreign counterparts as many local firms in other countries might do upon the arrivals of foreign firms. Do you think the strategies of Russia’s domestic carmakers will work? Why Ever since the arrival of foreign car makers in Russia, the domestic counterparts are facing a fierce challenge from them. The reason is the better offering offerings of model and features by those international cars. Till now the domestic car makers had the strategy of manufacturing low-cost cars for people to purchase the market for cars was not so developed over there. But now that there has been a rise in the economy and the people have higher disposable income, the trend has changed. The locals are looking forward to latest models and better features which is being offered by these foreign manufacturers. The domestic manufacturers also need to understand the requirement of the consumers and make cars with better features and  design to suit their needs.

Media Representation Of Elderly And Young Offenders

Media Representation Of Elderly And Young Offenders The paper presents a fundamental chapter in the thesis by examining the role that media depiction of crime plays within society. It addresses the question by firstly introducing the connections between the media and crime. The paper addresses three core issues on the impact of media depiction of crime, firstly the impact on human behaviour, secondly the impact on generating a fear of crime and thirdly the role in generating moral panics. This chapter sets the paper up for further consideration of how the media represents youth offending differently and then subsequently elderly offending. The next half of the paper will turn to deal with the latter two issues and will present a final conclusion with a redrafted introduction setting out the overall aims and goals of each chapter. Youth offending; elderly offending; fork devils; victims; media depiction; crime. The differences in the media representation of elderly offenders opposed to young offenders? Table of Contents: Abstract 4 Chapter One: Introduction 5 Chapter Two: The Relationship between Crime and the Media 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Media Depiction of Crime and Human Behaviour 2.2 The impact of criminal images and deviance on fear of crime 2.3 The role of the media in moral panics 2.4 Conclusion Abstract: This thesis explores the differences in how elderly offenders are represented in the media in comparison to young offenders. The thesis highlights the differential approach adopted by the media in portraying elderly offenders to how they represent young offenders. The thesis firstly considers the role media plays in reporting crime by considering the relationship between crime and media. The thesis then progresses to consider youth offending and elderly offending in separate chapters. The final chapter draws conclusions on whether there are differences and considers the rationales for a distinction between a young offender and elderly offender in news reporting. Additionally, consideration is also given to the myth of victims always being elderly and whether this plays any role in the media depiction of elderly crime. Chapter One: Introduction The central aim of the thesis is to explore the differences between how elderly offenders are represented in the media as opposed to young offenders. The key underlying objective is to firstly highlight if there is a distinction and then secondly to go to question the basis for a distinction between the representation of young offenders and elderly offenders in the media. The thesis will begin in chapter two by considering the relationship between crime and the media. This chapter will provide the background context to discussing youth offending and elderly offending depiction in the media. In particular, chapter two provides an insight into three aspects on how media reporting on crime can impact and influence society. The chapter specifically focuses on the impact of the media depiction of crime in three ways, firstly by examining the impact on human behaviour, secondly on the impact of criminal images and deviance on the fear of crime and thirdly on the role of the media in moral panics. The conclusion that can be drawn from chapter two is that the mass media selects the reporting of crime in a way that sensationalises crime by creating sound bite headlines directly designed to target the general public for sales. From the perspective of human behaviour, fear of crime and moral panics, the media play a fundamental role in representing crime to the masses. The public is susceptible to media messages in a passive context which directly influences the public perception of particular crimes reported. The interconnection between law and order media depiction and politics is strongly linked from the 1970s when successive governments have used the media representations of crime to facilitate policy swings and shifts to target crime control. The third chapter investigates the way in which the media represents youth offending. The first half of the chapter primarily focuses on establishing the specific ways in which the media represent youth offending. In particular, reference is drawn to the impact of core criminal acts which have involved young adults and children. The second half of the chapter will investigate the role of media in demonising children in the aftermath of the Jamie Bulger case. The fourth chapter investigates the way in which the media represents elderly offending and in particular focuses on the myth of the perceived stereotype of elderly people as being the victim and never the offender. The second half of the chapter deals directly with how the elderly are reported in the media and draws upon the literature to identify the rationales for how elderly crimes are represented in the media. The final chapter draws together the previous and presents a conclusion firstly on whether there is a distinction between the media depiction of youth offending in direct comparison to elderly offending. The bigger question this chapter presents is whether there are any rationales for the distinction between the reporting of youth offending and elderly offending. This question is answered by examining what the impact has been from the distinction between the media depiction on youth offending and elderly offending. This is examined by dealing with how youth offenders are dealt with in comparison to elderly offenders in the criminal justice system. Chapter Two: The Relationship between Crime and the Media 2.0 Introduction: It is argued by Dowler et al (2006) that the most significant and potentially illuminating area of criminological inquiry is the analysis of crime, media and popular culture. (Dowler et al 2006; 837). The relationship between crime and the media becomes intertwined with a number of disciplines including criminology, psychology, sociology, cultural and media studies. (Carrabine 2008; 2). Initially, academic studies have focused on cinema, radio and television before moving to focus on video gaming and music videos until currently focusing on new advancing technologies such as the internet. The advancing technologies over the past five decades have led to a radical transformation in the way media is reported and in particular, the way information on crime is accessed by the general public. In the wake of the internet, information is readily available to the public on a global scale. The accessibility of vast tracks of information has been fundamental in influencing public perception on issues of politics, crime and contemporary issues. The public perception of crime is heavily influenced by the way in which they are exposed to various forms of media including television, film, video and the internet. (Ibid). The advancement of technology has undoubtedly invoked an information age with a desire to be informed of reports and information. Media arguable occupies a dominant role becoming a central institution of modern life which increasingly centres on television and in more recent times the internet. (Garland 2001; 85). It is argued by Wykes (2001) that a major concern about media reporting on crime centres on the way in which the media can select to report a crime. Although the media is not the cause of crime, it is the way they can choose to exaggerate and sensualise crime which creates and invokes emotions among the public of frustration, anger and fear. (Gerbner 1995; 547-550). Media portrayals of crime and violence have become part of everyday life. (Kidd-Hewitt 1995; 1). It is important to point out that crime manifests itself in many different forms of media. It is ever present in film genres, television shows and gaming genres which have become an entertaining aspect of modern life. Many film productions from the 1920s have used crime plots to entertain the masses, similarly, books have used crime plots to the same extent. Increasingly television production has used reality television shows and soap operas to highlight criminal themes. Crime is central to the production of news in society and is considered newsworthy being produced as informative but plays an entertaining role. (Dowler 2004; 574, Fleming 1983). Although crime is considered newsworthy it is the way that the mass media can present its stories on crime that can become the focus of criminological inquiry. Headline news in the mass media in both the digital and print forms scream for our att ention. (Jewkes 2008; 3). Editors and journalists design these headlines to grab our attention by shocking, frightening and most of all entertaining our senses. It is an appeal to occupy the mainstream space for public attention. However, the focus of this chapter is on the mass media obsession with reporting crime and whether this reporting has become harmful. The first half of this paper will concentrate on dealing with the impact media depiction of crime can have in influencing and impacting society. The second half of this chapter will progress to deal with the specific role media plays in generating a sense of fear of crime in a society which has been played out in the mass media over the past six decades. The investigation of the ways in which the press and mass media report crime is firmly an established field within criminology. (Carrabine (2008); 2). A study conducted by Reiner (2007) highlights that after an extensive review of media content he found that the press and broadcast media concentrated their reporting of crime on two particular categories of crime, violent crime and sex crime. (Reiner 2007; 303-15). Reiners study identified that a pattern of news reporting is identifiable in the press and broadcast media which overwhelmingly focuses on violent and sexual crimes. A further study conducted earlier by Williams and Dickson (1993) found that 65 per cent of reported news media dealt with violent crimes where individuals were affected. (Williams and Dickinson (1993); 40). It is important to note that Williams and Dickinson (1993) cross referenced their study of the reported news against the British Crime Survey (Mayhew 1989) which identified that only 6% of crime involved vio lence. Williams and Dickinsons study highlights an imbalance between actual crime and the reported crime within the mass media in favour of violent crime. It is important to note that other studies have also been conducted which has found similar patterns of publication within the content of press and broadcast media. For example, in Smith (1984) a survey of local papers reporting on crime against actual crime in the area found a similar imbalance towards the media reporting primarily crimes of robbery and assault. (Smith 1984: 290). Smith found that whilst assault and robbery only represented 6 per cent of crime in Birmingham, it occupied a 52.7 per cent of space devoted to crime reporting in the local press. A further study of Scottish papers found that the Scottish media dedicated 45.8 per cent of printing space to violent crimes and sexual crimes but when violent crime and sexual crimes are combined they only represented 2.4 per cent of actual crime in Scotland. (Ditton and Duff y (1983); 164). These studies represent an indication of how crime is reported in the press both at a national and a regional level during the 1980s and early 1990s. It is arguable on the basis of these studies newspapers may be selective in the types of crimes it seeks to publish with a heavy tendency towards crimes that are either violent or sexual in nature. Even though these crimes are arguably not representative of the criminal picture of crime committed, news media selects news that will sell papers by playing to the senses of the general public in generating sensational headlines. However, it should be noted that these studies can be criticised as being too narrow by comparing actual crime rates with news reported crimes rates. It is argued by Ericson (1991) that the actual crimes rates and statistics do not represent the reality of crime in practice as many crimes go unreported. (Ericison (1991): 220). In particular Ericison argues that the statistics produced by the police are primarily for their organisational management and cannot be reliably used to compare media reporting. (Ibid) It can be counter-argued that whilst the studies may be imperfect from the perspective of verifiable data, they do go somewhat to comparing the popularity of crime within the headlines against the proportion of reported crime. It facilitates a snap shot in time of how media report crimes albeit imperfect. Initially, therefore it can be argued that a core problem inherent within news, media and crime reporting is a tendency on the part of the mass media to focus on news or crime that will sell their papers and stories that will intrigue readers. The wider effects of this type of reporting will be discussed below in greater detail. The principal architects within criminology on the study of news reporting were Stanley Cohen and Jack Young work. (Cohen and Young (1973)). Their work proposed two polarised views of news reporting traditions. Firstly their work proposes a Mass Manipulative Model which argues that the public is passive receptors of information and messages waiting to be influenced by the news media. (Ibid: 10). This model proposes that the media is the all-powerful influence on society that serves to reinforce dominant views. (Carrabine (2008); 3). Secondly, this model is contrasted with a Commercial Laissez-Faire model which takes a more varied approach and is viewed as being less manipulative of public perception but rather is seen to further a diversity of opinions. (Cohen and Young (1973): 11). The commonalities within Cohen and Youngs work and the vast array of subsequent literature on media and crime are the focus on the assumption that media reporting may be potentially damaging or detrimenta l to society. There are three main areas of research interest within the literature on the effects of media reporting on society. (Greer 2010: 379). Firstly the effects of media violence on human behaviour, the impact of media images of crime and deviance on fear of crime, and the role of the media in the production of moral panics. (Ibid). The concerns about media reporting influencing and impacting society detrimentally have developed in the literature along two lines. Firstly, research occupies a traditional right view that media reporting and representation of crime influences society by the way it glamorises crime through television programming, film genres, printed and digital press, music and gaming mediums. The focus of the traditional right view is on the message delivered through the media to society and how that message, in turn, is interpreted. In particular, the traditional right concern is centred upon the message being delivered and the likelihood that recipients will engage in violent or criminal behaviour. Secondly, research literature also occupies a left approach. The left approach concentrates concern on the media images of crime and violence which increases the fear of crime within the general public. If media depiction of crime results in a society which is more fearful it will legitimise the state s role in creating new legal frameworks designed to tackle and deal with the law and order issues. Altheide (2009) argues that the media regularly uses its reporting on law and order to invoke moral panics amongst the general public. (Altheide (2009): 79). Moral panics are intense media fuelled bursts of collective concern or outrage directed against particular fork devils. (Ibid). In particular moral panics occur when the media spotlight particular issues which give rise to national concerns which require swift action by the government to implement a policy to counter-act the concern. This chapter will divide into three sections, the first section will discuss the impact of the media depiction of crime upon human behaviour, secondly the impact of the images of crime and deviances upon the fear of crime and thirdly the role of media in creating and generating moral panics. 2.1 Media Depiction of Crime and Human Behaviour: There have been a number of studies conducted to consider the impact of crime depiction within the media over the past five decades. A study conducted by Bandura et al (1963) considered the impact of portraying violent and aggressive films. (Bandura et al (1963): 3-4). The study focused on determining whether objects who are subjected to the depiction of aggression would after watching the film re-enact the aggression from the film or at least be influenced by the aggression. The authors conducted a scientific experiment to investigate whether children who were subjected to aggressive filmed cartoon scenes would display aggressive tendencies after watching their film. The results of the study allowed the authors to conclude that there was strong evidence to suggest that exposure to filmed aggression heightened aggressive reactions in the children under the experiment. The study demonstrated that those children who were subjected to the filmed aggressive behaviour exhibited twice as m uch aggression in the aftermath of the watching the short cartoon as those children who were not subjected to aggression. (Ibid: 9). Additionally, the study found that not only were the children who were subjected to the aggressive cartoons displayed aggression afterwards but those same children were influenced by the type of aggression. (Ibid). The authors selected children as the objects of their experiment as they believed that children represented the most passive receptors for their film which would provide a fertile ground for their experiment. However, it is important to note that many academics have criticised the approach employed by Bandura et al (1963) in the way they conducted their experiment. Many critiques question the methodological and theoretical validity of the study with particular concern in linking the effects of aggression on children to adults. (Gauntlett (2001): 47-49). Although much criticism can be levelled against the study, it does however demonstrate th at people are capable of being passive receptors of media messages and within this passive state they can potentially become susceptible to media influence. Despite considerable criticism in the literature on the methodological and theoretical limitations of empirically assessing the connections between media effects and actions, there remains an insistence on a link between media consumption and criminal behaviour. (Borden (1975), Browne and Pennell (1998), Gauntlett and Hill (1999)). For example in the aftermath of the murder of Jamie Bulger by two ten-year-old boys in 1993 films such as Childs Play III and other violent video games were identified as being the cause for influencing young adults in acting out violent intentions. (Barker (2001)). Although no connection can empirically be made in the Jamie Bulger case to explain why two ten-year-old children would exhibit such violent tendencies. Similarly in Columbine in 1999 when two teenagers shot 12 classmates and one teacher, and further injuring 21 others, the music of Marilyn Manson, the film The Basketball Diaries and violent video games were all identified by various media sourc es as contributing to the cause of such a massacre. (Muzzatti (2003)). Additionally, when a spate of black killings emerged in Birmingham in the 2002/2003 the Home Secretary, David Blunkett, firmed blamed the media for creating a culture of killing as a fashion accessory. (Mueller (2003)). Although logically it may be inferred that increasing violence in films, television and computer games all may contribute to invoking violence tendencies to those who watch them and in particular children and young adults may be more susceptible to the message of violence than adults. However, it should be noted that no connection be made empirically due to the difficult nature of investigating such a connection between crime depiction and criminal behaviour. Nonetheless, in a time of explanation such as the Jamie Bulger case, the Columbine massacre and other instances crying out for the explanation, many point  towards the influence of media messages invoking violence. It is demonstrated by Barker and Petley (2001) that it is possible to good research on media violence and audiences if it is conducted in accordance with rigorous concepts, theories and methods. (Barker and Petley (2001)). It is interesting to note that Barker and Petley consider that by simply trying to count violent scenes/acts or conduct and then to measure them against an effect on an audience purely within a quantitative framework is setting the experiment up to fail. (Ibid: 5-10). The authors argue that a more coherent approach is to explore the meaning that different forms of media violence may hold for different audiences in different contexts. (Greer 2010: 403-404). The authors draw upon other qualitative works and attempt to explore the meanings that different forms of media violence may hold for different audiences. The net effect of Barker and Petleys work is that it demonstrates the possibility of exploring how media may effect different audiences in different ways. Alth ough it is not empirically legitimate in that it inferences meanings from other empirical works, it goes somewhat to explaining the connections between human behaviour and media depiction of crime. 2.2 The impact of criminal images and deviance on fear of crime: It is demonstrated by Ditton et al that there have been at least 73 attempts to establish a connection between media consumption and fear of crime with only 23 per cent of studies finding a positive relationship and 73 per cent fail to make any connections. (Ditton et al 2004: 595-598). Ditton et al argue that one reason why the connections between media consumption and fear of crime may not be found in the studies more frequently is that much of the pre-existing studies do not approach the question from a methodologically suitable approach. (Ibid). All the studies ask the correct the question, whether there is a connection to be made between media consumption and fear of crime, but they fall down on the methods employed to arrive at the answer. The authors in their work approach the question by attempting to overcome the identified methodological weaknesses of previous studies by employing a mix of quantitative and qualitative approaches in the exploration of media consumption and f ear of crime. Ditton et als work firstly demonstrates that much of the existing literature on establishing a connection between media consumption and fear of crime uses only quantitative approaches to validate their results, to which the authors refer to as amateurish. (ibid: 595). The authors argue that in order to make fuller more substantiated connections between media consumption and fear of crime quantitative and qualitative research approaches are necessary to engage adequately with media reception and influence. They use qualitative approaches including, interviews and focus groups to explore fully how the media consumers can be influenced by media messages. Their study concludes that there is some fear of crime by media consumers who are subjected to violent crimes through the media depiction of crime. (Ibid: 606-607). Interestingly their study concludes that the fear associated with the media depiction of crime does not result from the localness of the report or the sensati onalist headlines but rather the individuals interpretation of the media content. (Ibid). The importance of the Ditton et al study highlights that individuals who are exposed to the media depictions of crime can and do evidence levels of fear of crime as a result of that exposure. It also highlights that by employing quantitative and qualitative research approaches it is possible to demonstrate that individuals fear of crime is primarily located within their interpretation of the media story. Another important aspect of the impact of criminal images and deviance invoking fear of crime is Cavenders (2004) work on applying David Garlands culture of control theory. (Cavender (2004): 335). Cavender argues that by applying Garlands theories on the shifting of criminal policies over the past century to the development of media studies can provide further support for Garland theories. (Ibid). The author argues that in the 1970s the public perception both in the USA and the UK was centred upon the belief that society in general was becoming more risky which were grounded in the reports of rising crime rates, political manipulation of the media and media representations of crime. (Ibid: 336). The argument being made by Cavender is that during the 1970s media representations in addition to political representations of a rising tide of crime required swift action plans by the government. The various governments from the 1970s used the media representations of crime as the basis to d evelop their policies for election and implementation to manage and control crime. Various political parties used these media representations of criminal activity to present solutions to deal with law and order issues. Cavender points to the 1970s in line with Garland as the turning point for public fear of crime which allowed successive governments to employ varied strategies which were perceived as effective at managing crime. (Ibid: 337). Goode (1989) identifies that the media depiction of crime in the 1980s focused on the drugs problems which later precipitated into policies which were designed to deal with the war on drugs. (Goode (1989)). By employing Cavenders hypothesis it possible to argue that the media depictions of criminal activity in 1970s invoked a fear of crime particularly focusing on both young and adult offenders. The 1980s media depiction of crime represented a fear of drugs and spotlighted the need for tougher laws on dealing with the specific issues surrounding drugs wars. The 1990s can be characterised by a focus on youth crime and serious offending. Cavenders work demonstrates somewhat the impact media depiction can have upon crime and in particular, it can facilitate the use of draconian policies which are perceived to be effective at dealing with crime. Additionally, Ditton et al highlight that media depiction does contribute towards a general perception that crime in the media can contribute towards a fear of crime with drastic effects upon society both in terms of a risky perception and secondly upon the laws governments may enact to counter-act the risk perception. Each decade since the 1970s has focused policy on tackling particular crimes which the media has spotlighted through its depiction of crime. 2.3 The role of the media in moral panics: A moral panic is an intense burst of public outcry at particular issues which are primarily media fuelled. Essentially the issue under a moral panic invokes a public outcry which is perceived to be a threat to societal values and interests. (Cohen (2002): 1-6).

Essay on Picture of Dorian Gray: Looks Can Kill -- Picture Dorian Gray

Looks Can Kill in The Picture of Dorian Gray   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Have you ever heard the saying, "If looks could kill"? Well, they can. Oscar Wilde reveals how looks can be charming, deceitful and even deadly. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, there are three main characters. Dorian Gray, who is a calm, very attractive young man and adored for his good looks, Basil Hallward who is a painter that idolizes Dorian and Lord Henry Wotton, an older man, who becomes a good friend of Dorian's. As Basil is painting a portrait of Dorian Gray, Dorian makes a wish that only the picture would age and he would stay the same. As he later notices, his wish is granted and the picture begins to age. Not only is the portrait aging, but the face is also becoming more devious looking. This is because Dorian had fallen deeply in love with an actress, Sibyl Vane, and one night he had taken Basil and Lord Henry to watch her act. That night Sibyl Vane was acting so badly that people were beginning to leave. Dorian was humiliated so intensely that he went back stage and told her he had fallen out of love with her. She said the reason for her bad acting was because she no longer cared for acting, just for him. Dorian s till could not take the humiliation and told he was never to see her again. After he left, Sibyl ended her own life by drinking a cleaning fluid that was in her dressing room. Wilde first shows the importance of looks when Basil first sets eyes on Dorian Gray. "I knew that I had come face to face with someone whose mere personality was so fascinating that...it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself" (7). This was before Basil had even talked to Dorian, and he had already judged what type of personality he had, ... ...e picture itself . . . . He would destroy it . . . . He looked round, and saw the knife that had stabbed Basil Hallward . . . He seized the thing, and stabbed the picture with it . . . . There was a cry heard, and a crash . . . . When they entered they found, hanging upon the wall, a splendid portrait of their master as they had last seen him . . . . Lying on the floor was a dead man . . . with a knife in his heart. He was withered and wrinkled . . . it was not till they had examined the rings that they recognized who it was" (253-254). Wilde uses great characters, setting and plot to explain the significance that looks have. Everyone's life could be altered just because of the way someone looks, or even the way they look. Looks can not only be charming and deceitful, but deadly as well. Works Cited: Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Grey. Penguin, 1992.

Which Country Would I Love to Visit?

If I had a chance to visit a foreign country, I would not hesitate to choose South Korea. The main reason why I would choose Korea as my destination is that I want to visit Seoul and Jeju Island. Seoul, the capital of the South Korea, is one of the modern cities in the world. It is the business and cultural hub of South Korea, where skyscrapers tower over Buddhist temples. N Seoul Tower, built atop a peak in Namsan Park, allows me to view the entire city and surrounding areas from above.The teahouses and shops of Insadong give me a taste of Korean flavor, which I can further experience with a visit to the grounds and museums of Gyeongbokgung. UNESCO World Heritage Site, Changdeokgung Palace is a fine example of authentic ancient architecture which I would love to visit. In my opinion, Seoul is not just the capital of the South Korea, but a wonderful city worthy to visit. The second part of South Korea I would like to visit is Jeju Island, a hot tourist spot booming with unique attrac tions. Jeju’s romantic sunrises and sunsets, mild climate and beautiful sandy beaches totally enchanted me just with the images found on Google.I often image that I could meander along the beaches to enjoy the sunlight and breeze. I can also hike with my family to Baeknok Lake at the top of Mount Halla, South Korea’s highest peak. I would also love to see the â€Å"haenyeo,† female divers gathering fresh seafood, and the iconic â€Å"grandfather statues† displayed outside of many restaurants. Most importantly, I hope to see my favourite KPOP stars by chance!!! Of course, there are other countries I could visit if I had the opportunity to visit a foreign country. However, I think South Korea would be my first choice.

Living on Campus vs Living Off Campus Essay

A college experience can be the greatest time in a student’s life for the reason being, it is a new path the individual is taking to pursue his or her future career. While pursuing a career, every student has his or her own personal preference of whether or not to live on campus. Deciding where to reside seems to be the topic that runs through every college student’s mind. Whether it is to live the college lifestyle filled with events and social opportunities that go hand in hand with rooming on campus, to simply staying at home or living nearby and keeping a peace of mind and building up financially. Living on or off campus can be a difficult decision to make for many, but depending on the college experience you prefer to have, it can be made into a simple decision. Living on campus can have many perks and positive aspects that will have many students eager to attend. Gas prices are through the roof these days in our economy and not having a gas bill can be a very efficient and effective way for saving more money. Having more money in your pocket is always beneficial. When living on campus there are many numerous ways to get to class faster and time efficiently such as biking, skateboarding, longboarding or simply just walking. Getting more exercise and time outdoors is a just another perk of living on campus and getting the real feel of the campus lifestyle. Also, living on campus can be time efficient when making your way to class that way you are not tardy. Another positive aspect of living on campus is being a part of the organizations, fundraisers, concerts, sporting events and other fun activities that take place on campus giving you a stronger feel for the lifestyle of the college. Being more involved in your college can lead up to many positive outcomes whether it is meeting new people to hang out with or growing as an independent individual because you are finally on your own. Even though there are many positive aspects to living on campus there are also negatives. When living on campus there is a big price to pay. Around average it is $7,500-$9,000 depending on whether it is a public or a private university. For a bachelor’s degree and living on campus for all four years is estimated to be around $32,000 and that’s just for room and board. With that being said that is a very large cost to pay for never having privacy. Having a roommate around can have its own negative perks all in itself whether it is from personality conflicts to having simple differences and opinions. For example, while a student might be trying to study or do homework, the other student might be trying to socialize with friends and listen to music which can lead to large conflicts. Having opposite personalities or schedules might be an issue for some students. Living off campus is a whole different experience as a student than living on campus. For instance, you can live a more of a private lifestyle; having your own room and personal space can be essential for a great learning and studying environment. Living off campus could mean living closer to family and relatives, who can be a great support group and give inspiration in any college barrier you, may come across. Also, living at home with Mom and Dad can save you a plethora of money, which means more money in your pocket, and like I have said before that is always a plus. Even though living off campus has its ups it can also have its downs. Living off campus can seclude you from the college events and the overall feel from the college community and lifestyle. Missing those types of involvements can really dampen your overall college experience and outlook of the college lifestyle. Also, depending on where you live if it is a big city college or small community college can determine the commute and what kind of transportation you are going to take. Bus passes can add up to be expensive and cars take up a lot of gas especially when driven daily and our gas prices today do not help. Riding a bike or skateboard is not always an option depending on where you live and how far away your location is from the campus. What can also have a negative effect to living on campus is the traffic that can cause you to become tardy to classes. Even when driving a personal vehicle you are not safe from tardies you still run the risk of car trouble, a full parking lot or traffic. Public transportation can also become a hassle; the reason being you cannot control the bus driver, if the bus is delayed or missed it can lead to problems with being on time. According to statistics shown by various sources indicate that students who live on campus tend to complete more semester hours and attain higher GPAs than the students that live off campus. Even though that is the case, Angelo State University reported that 80% of students still prefer to live off campus. (Jones, 2004). According to USNEWS. com â€Å"of the 1,259 schools that provided campus housing data to U. S. News, an average of 48 percent of the undergraduate student body lives on campus. Ten of the schools that provided data on campus housing in 2010 said that their entire undergraduate student body lives on campus, while 52 reported having no undergraduate students living in campus dorms†. (Wecker, 2011). When making the decision of living on or off campus make sure to always keep in mind the pros and the cons of each living scenario and the consequences that each come with. Although both living styles have there ups and downs they are both very beneficial to the college lifestyle in numerous ways whether it is being a part of the college experience and lifestyle to trying to save money and being more conservative with your money. The key is knowing yourself and what college experience you wish to pursue and prefer and that can make the decision of living on or off campus a simpler one.

Affective Foreshadowing

Affective Foreshadowing Foreshadowing is a literary device used in both Of Mice and Men and The Pearl. Foreshadowing is when a part or event in a story suggests something before it happens.In The Pearl the songs of evil foreshadow the events that would soon happen.After hearing the songs in his head, something dangerous or bad would happen to Kino. For example on page thirty-six it reads, "He smelled the breeze and he listened for any foreign sound of secrecy or creeping, and his eye searched the darkness, for the music of evil was sounding in his head and he was fierce and afraid."  Soon after Kino got in a fight with someone who was trying to steal the pearl. Kino ended up stabbing this person. Foreshadowing was also used when the appraisers told Kino that the pearl was worthless. Kino counted on these men to be honest, after they lied it showed how they rest of the town would probably act.Of Mice and Men (1939 film)

The Salesperson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Salesperson - Essay Example The advise will usually, but not limited to, be related to the circumstance surrounding the product and services that the salesperson is offering (Bathrooms+Kitchens magazine, 2003). A salesperson is also expected to have understanding with the customer and appreciate what they are trying to accomplish. And finally, the most important task of a salesperson is to 'seal the deal' or make a sale by using the most effective technique of 'negotiating', as more and more customers are demanding for discounts and attractive 'bargains', demands like these are often 'fuelled' by the trends in the advertising industry', such as 'buy dining table now and pay later' with further 0% interest rate offer. Furthermore, the salesperson is expected to be likeable by his prospective customers. 'People buy people first' is an old concept but still holds true in modern times. For salespeople to be successful, they should be approachable and can readily explain to the customer regarding advise and most especially the information of the product or services being offered (Bathrooms+Kitchens magazine, 2003). However, the role of a salesperson has been changing radically over couple of years and will further continue to change as influenced by the revolution in the business sector such as globalization (Appleton associates, n.d.). The number of salesperson required in today's competitive world is also significantly reduced and continue with down trend. In previous years, there were over 1 million salespeople in the United Kingdom, but now there are only an estimated 500,000 salespeople. This is almost 50% reduction in the selling profession. Modern technology have much to do with this trend. Product policies, transportation and advertisements have all influenced the decline in the needed salespeople especially in the fast-moving products. However, due to increased competition and awareness, the much needed professionalism of salespeople are even more required in order to stay competitive (CIM analyst, 2000). 'The days of the solo salesman roaming around his territory looking for the next sale are gone-the selling role is now more complex than cold calling' (Bulletpoint, n.d.). Undoubtedly, the most important factor in changing the role of a salesperson in today's world is the changing attitudes and priorities of the customers as well as the development of mass media and the internet. Most customers of today are more informed, through television and other mass media, about the goods and services that a salesperson might offer. In fact, some customers are even more aware of the information of the competitor's products or services than the salesperson himself. This situation could lead to embarrassment on the part of the salesperson. Customers are putting much emphasis on how the product is acquired rather than the quality of the product itself. Customers nowadays are less affected by the salesperson's 'competence or behaviour, and the use of 'traditional techniques of selling has little n egative or no effect at all on customer's decision to purchase the goods or services being offered by the salesperson (Bulletpoint, n.d.). Today, being adequate is no longer that is needed for salespeople to succeed in getting sales. Salespeople have to be

Promoting Team Effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Promoting Team Effectiveness - Essay Example Individual conflicts tend to be about personality differences in terms of preference, likes and dislikes, background and so on. These differences are natural and can be a double edged sword. If not managed properly the individual differences lead to team conflicts. Team conflict is characterized by constant disagreements, mistrust among team members, and formation of cliques which act against each other and so on. A case of individual conflict is a situation at the workplace whereby two ladies in a team fail to get along because they share affections for a fellow male colleague. In such a case this problem is purely individual. An example of team conflict is whereby members disagree about the sharing of responsibilities and work in the team. In such a case the problems emanate from the issues that are team related Decision making in a team can be difficult because it may be hard to reach a compromise whereby everyone in the team feels satisfied and like a winner. Additionally, selfish interests among team members may inhibit smooth decision making. However, in contrast, a team leader may experience problem of indifference or disinterest among team members in the area of decision making so that the leader feels disserted when making decisions. Further, a decision affecting team affairs may need to be discussed among team members and welcome their input on the matter which in turn complicates decision making. More often than not these problems of decision making stem from unclear team goals and vision, confusion over who has the final say, unwillingness to take responsibility, selfish interests among other reasons. As a leader, it is important to ensure that these issues do not extend to the point of breaking team spirit which takes so long to build. For example the problem of team members purs ing individual interests first may be resolved by elevating the team's common goal and urging members to realize that the team is bigger than their individual goals. The problem of disinterest or indifferentness in the process of decision making can be conquered by delegating duties more to team members such that they feel more competent to contribute ideas. Perhaps the problem may be that members do not feel valued in the team in which case the atmosphere within the team should change to be accommodating. Question 4 Participation is a strong aspect that attributes to effective teams. Some of the benefits of participation include greater performance/output, efficiency and effectiveness, cohesiveness, growth, innovation and so on. Given the crucial benefits of participation team leaders can devise various methods in order to stimulate/enhance participation, for instance at the workplace a manager may use delegation as a way of promoting participation. Where delegation is made part of the work culture then individuals are forced to step up beyond their comfort zones and participate in team activities. A manager may also reward system to members who show active participation in team activities so that others are enticed to participate too. Importantly, a warm atmosphere and trust in the workplace needs to be nurtured so that team members feel free and uninhibited to participate in activities. Criticisms, gossip and self centeredness should be kept at bay. Communication is also key in fostering parti cipation in the workplace. A team leader should be able to communicate to

Cotton On Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Cotton On - Assignment Example Internal analysis will also discuss the strategies adopted for attaining growth within the segment in coming years and how marketing mix has helped it to be different from its competitors. Cotton On’s target segment and its marketing strategies to promote products will also be discussed. External environment for Cotton On’s business activities will be discussed in a separate section. For analyzing the external environment, SWOT analysis will be utilized to understand the strengths and weakness as well as opportunities and threats coming from competitors’ business activities will also be analyzed. In addition, the surrounding environment, which includes the domestic and global market situation for the company, its size and the consumers of Cotton On’s products, will be assessed. The results derived from internal and external analysis of business environment for Cotton On will be utilized in the next stage to develop a set of objectives for the marketing of company’s products. These objectives will help further to develop marketing strategies which includes the selection of market segment and positioning of the brand. The suggested marketing objectives and strategies will be supported with the action plan, identification of individuals who are responsible to implement it, time schedule, and budgeting and performance analysis measures. Introduction Cotton On is one of the few organically Australian ready-to-wear (RTW) fashion label. Fairly young in the industry at less than 30 years old, they now have shops all over Australia, New Zealand, and America. It has uniquely mirrored the same image that Australia has project all over the world, relax, simple and comfortable. Its primary target is the youth, 15-30, who feels wants a simple no-nonsense style... The intention of this study is Cotton On as one of the few organically Australian ready-to-wear (RTW) fashion label. Fairly young in the industry at less than 30 years old, they now have shops all over Australia, New Zealand, and America. It has uniquely mirrored the same image that Australia has project all over the world, relax, simple and comfortable. Its primary target is the youth, 15-30, who feels wants a simple no-nonsense style that is flexible yet fashionable. Through the years, there has been constant effort from the brand to reinforce their image through TV commercials, print ads, and out-of-home advertisements. However, the fashion industry has witnessed an incredible shift of media consumption from traditional to digital. Many of these digital adaptors belong to the same target market that Cotton On caters to, young from the broad C. Many businesses have taken advantage of this by, early on, exerting the same effort digitally as they do above the line. Unfortunately, Cot ton On came in late. They, in fact, established their online store less than three years ago. Outside of the online store, very little effort has been exerted to utilize the digital media to reach the Cotton On target market. This lack of digital presence resulted to one of the biggest digital scandal in the business world when facebook members started spreading complaints and protests against Cotton On Children’s line. The protest claimed that Cotton On’s pieces contained â€Å"disrespectful† messages. Cotton On reacted late and not without considerable damage to the brand.

Bok choy consumer fact report Essay Example for Free

Bok choy consumer fact report Essay Bok choy or bok choi, pronounced â€Å"bahk choy†, is a green leafy vegetable. It is sometimes referred to as â€Å"Chinese cabbage† or â€Å"the white cabbage†. The Chinese spelling is ‘bok choi† but in America it is known as ‘bok choy†. Bok choy is one of two types of Chinese cabbage, the other being Pe-tsai. However, bok choy has become popular in America after being grown in China for 1500 years. Because Chinese stir-fry and other popular Chinese foods have grown in popularity in North America, bok choy is becoming a well-known food in the United States and Canada. Although there are over 20 types of bok choy in Hong Kong, in the Americas you will usually only find the most popular type with crisp, white stalks and dark green, leafy tops. Nutrition Bok Choy is rich in beta carotene, Vitamin C and folic acid. Bok Choy also provides a good source of fiber. This vegetable is recommended by the American Cancer Society as a green leafy vegetable option for a healthy diet that is high in potassium and magnesium. These minerals have been shown to help regulate healthy levels of blood pressure and blood sugar. Because it is a sweeter, milder option to cabbage and other recommended green leafy vegetables, bok choy is also a preferable option for a diet rich in beta carotene and folic acid. Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating recognizes bok choy as a dark green, leafy vegetable. The food guide recommends at least one dark green vegetable daily. A serving is recognized as 1 cup of shredded bok choy stalk or 70 grams of leaves. Purchasing and Storage When selecting bok choy you must go to the produce department at your local grocer’s. Make sure you are selecting a vegetable with long, white and unblemished stalks. The leaves should be dark green tapering to a light green near the stalks and never limp. Stay away from any plants with yellow leaves or brown spots on the stalks. This is old or poorly grown bok choy. To store your bok choy, refrigerate in an unsealed plastic bag . Use bok choy within a week and preferably within 4 to 5 days of purchasing to get the best flavor from this vegetable. Preparation Bok choy can be prepared in many different ways. The most popular methods are to boil, saute, or steam the vegetable. Before cooking by any method, the bok choy must be cleaned properly. To do this, cut at the base so as to separate the stalks so they can be washed individually. Then, wash under cold running water. Make sure to clean the stalks and the leaves, scrubbing the stalks with a vegetable brush only if necessary. Drip dry is not necessary as steaming or boiling will wet the bok choy anyhow and it is okay to saute and stir fry wet. However, the stalks can be eaten raw like celery. But bok choy stalks are not stringy like celery so are even better! Try the stalks cut into strips and dipped in your favorite dip. Or boil stalks in salted water for four minutes, leaves for only two or three minutes and serve as is. If you wish to add more flavor, bok choy is known to go well with peppers, soy sauce, or sauteed in sesame oil. Because it is so versatile, this Chinese cabbage can be a side dish or added to a stir fry for a main dish. Recipes Bok Choy with Chestnuts 5 oz. Packaged, cooked Chestnuts 1 ? lb. bok choy salt and pepper 3 Tbsp of chicken broth ? tsp of potato flour mixed with a Tbsp of cold water 1 tsp of sesame oil 1 Tbsp Peanut oil for cooking